Human Body Enzymes-Definition, Types, Structure and Function with Examples-MDWIX Class Notes.

Interactive Discussion on Human Enzymes-Different Types and Their Function.

Human Enzyme

Definition: Human body system is controlled and monitored by different chemicals. These chemicals excrete from different glands and ducts. These chemicals harmonically work all together. Mainly they work as chemical messenger or chemical catalyst. Hormones are chemical messenger that integrate different biological response. Other hand enzymes work as biological catalyst. They regulate different life's processes. They can speed up reaction by a factor of millions. Enzymes work under mild condition like temperature control, acidity factor along with the finely tuned and complex processes in human bodies.  

Structure, Types, Function with Examples:

Enzymes are biocatalysts made of chains of amino acids. These chains are  designed into three dimensional structures. All are directly related to the function of enzymes. The specific sequence of these amino acids determines the enzyme's shape and location of action. The specific folding shape defines the effectiveness of action to the substrate, the molecule on which it acts. These are essential for numerous biochemical reactions in the human body. They are basically proteins. But some of RNA molecules also exhibit catalytic activities. Structurally enzymes are composed of long chains of amino acids determine the enzymes' specific shape and function. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of a reaction, thus speeding up the process. This is vital as it allows biological reactions to occur at a rare compatible with life.

           There are several types of enzymes that are classified based upon different chemical reactions. They can be broadly classified according to the type of reaction they act. These are oxidoreductases for oxidation-reduction reaction. Transferases transfers functional groups between molecules. Hydrolases for breaking bonds with water and more. Lyases add groups or remove groups from double bonded substrate. Isomerases facilitates the rearrangement of atoms within molecule. Ligases join two molecules together with covalent bonds. Examples of enzymes in the human body include amylase pepsin, Lipase and DNA polymerase. Amylase helps in digesting carbohydrates. Pepsin breakdowns protein into peptides. Lipase produced in pancreas helps to digest fat. DNA polymerase plays  a critical role in DNA prefabrication. 

       Enzymes are not directly involved in chemical reactions. They only enhance or retard the chemical reaction as catalyst. So the enzymes are nor consumed. It allow them to be used repeatedly. Their activity can be affected by various factors including temperature, pH and the presence of inhibitor or activators. In the human bodies, enzymes are involved in metabolism, digestion, DNA repair and other critical processes. For instances, digestive enzymes break down food into smaller molecules. It can be absorbed and utilized by the body. Metabolic enzymes facilitate reactions energy generation. It helps to build new tissues.

    Understanding enzymes and their functions is crucial for medical and biotechnological application. They are used in drug development, clinical diagnostics, industrial processes. In medicine, enzymes can be targeted by drugs to treat diseases. Their levels in the blood can be measured to diagnose health condition. Biotechnology synthesizes enzymes for application such as biofuel production and pollution control. Thus the study of enzymes is a dynamic field. It still continues to reveal new height of molecular level of life operation. 

Disclaimer: This is as per Syllabus & curriculum of National Institute of Open School(NIOS). 

===============================